The strategic partnership between Italy and Azerbaijan is a shining example of successful international cooperation, based on shared interests in areas such as energy, economy, agriculture, and humanitarian projects. The visit of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, to Italy on September 4–6, 2024, reaffirmed the strengthening of these relations and opened new opportunities for bilateral interaction, which will contribute to both economic and geopolitical development for both countries. During this visit, Aliyev also delivered a speech at the prestigious Cernobbio Forum, addressing key global and regional issues.
Energy Cooperation: Biofuel, Oil, and Gas
One of the key topics during Aliyev’s visit was energy security. Azerbaijan has traditionally been a major supplier of energy resources to Europe, and during this visit, important agreements were signed aimed at further developing the energy sector. One of the most significant documents was the memorandum of understanding between Azerbaijan and the Italian company Eni S.p.A., which covers cooperation in the field of biofuel, oil and gas extraction, and the transition to clean energy. These agreements underscore the importance of Azerbaijan as a key player in Europe’s energy market, ensuring the energy security of many countries, including Italy.
The Southern Gas Corridor, according to Ilham Aliyev, is a central element of this cooperation. The 3,500-kilometer pipeline connects Azerbaijan to Italy, delivering gas to ten countries, seven of which are members of the European Union. This project plays a crucial role in ensuring Europe’s energy security, especially in light of instability in the global energy sector. Aliyev noted that the European Commission refers to Azerbaijan as a pan-European gas supplier and a reliable partner, confirming the strategic importance of bilateral energy cooperation.
Azerbaijan is not only Italy’s largest oil supplier but also its second-largest gas supplier. Last year, the trade turnover between the two countries reached nearly $16 billion, reflecting the high level of mutual dependence in trade and energy. These figures highlight Azerbaijan’s importance in meeting Europe’s energy needs, especially in the face of growing demand for sustainable and reliable energy resources.
Development of Non-Energy Sectors: New Business Opportunities
In addition to energy cooperation, discussions during the visit also focused on developing non-energy sectors. A business roundtable was held in Rome with representatives from both countries, where opportunities for expanding cooperation in industries such as automotive, chemical, pharmaceutical, construction, and agriculture were discussed. Azerbaijan is actively striving to diversify its economy, and the participation of Italian companies in this process opens new prospects for both nations.
Italy, as Azerbaijan’s largest trading partner, plays a key role in this process. Azerbaijani and Italian companies signed several memorandums of understanding covering joint production, services, and research projects. These agreements, covering various sectors of the economy, highlight the mutual interest of both sides in deepening economic cooperation and creating new jobs in both countries.
Azerbaijan’s Minister of Economy, Mikayil Jabbarov, described the relationship between the countries as strategic and particularly noted the participation of Italian companies in projects on Azerbaijan’s liberated territories. This cooperation not only contributes to the recovery of affected regions but also opens new opportunities for economic growth for both nations.
Humanitarian Cooperation: Education as a Bridge Between Cultures
In addition to economic and energy aspects, Ilham Aliyev emphasized the importance of humanitarian cooperation between the countries. A notable example of such collaboration is the Italy-Azerbaijan University, which has already begun operating. This educational institution, established through cooperation between five leading Italian universities and Azerbaijan’s ADA University, will become an important platform for deepening educational and cultural ties between the peoples of the two countries.
According to President Aliyev, students studying at this university will not only receive a high-quality education but also become familiar with the Italian language, culture, and history. This will create a solid foundation for future humanitarian cooperation and strengthen cultural ties. Education becomes not only a tool for developing professional skills but also an important factor in bringing people closer together and fostering mutual understanding.
Azerbaijan’s Geopolitical Role: Restoring Territorial Integrity and the Peace Process
Ilham Aliyev also touched on the geopolitical situation in the region, noting that the restoration of Azerbaijan’s territorial integrity in 2020 was the most significant geopolitical change in the South Caucasus. The president stressed that international law can only be implemented with political will and strength, and Azerbaijan’s experience in this regard serves as an example for many countries seeking to restore their territorial integrity.
Azerbaijan continues active negotiations with Armenia, and according to Aliyev, about 80% of the provisions of the peace treaty have already been agreed upon. The process of border delimitation and demarcation has also begun, marking an important step towards achieving peace in the South Caucasus. The president expressed hope that Azerbaijan’s initiative to start peace negotiations will lead to a peace treaty that will be significant not only for the region but also for the world.
Importance of Climate Initiatives: Preparation for COP29
Another important aspect highlighted by President Aliyev was the upcoming COP29 climate conference, which will be held for the first time in the Azerbaijan region. This event underscores the country’s desire to play an active role in addressing global climate issues and become a bridge between the Global South and the Global North. Although Azerbaijan is not a major player on the international stage in climate issues, it is actively working to create dialogue and cooperation among different countries to achieve sustainable solutions in this area.
Azerbaijan’s Role in Resolving International Conflicts: Relations with Russia and Ukraine
Responding to a question about Azerbaijan’s possible role in resolving the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, President Aliyev emphasized that his country supports Ukraine’s territorial integrity but does not participate in anti-Russian sanctions. Azerbaijan is ready to assist in maintaining gas transit through Ukraine, which is a critical aspect of Europe’s energy security. Aliyev expressed Azerbaijan’s readiness to play a more active role in resolving the conflict if such a need arises.
Conclusion
President Ilham Aliyev’s visit to Italy, including his participation at the Cernobbio Forum, demonstrated not only the strengthening of bilateral relations but also underscored Azerbaijan’s importance as a strategic partner on the international stage. Cooperation in the energy sector, the development of non-energy industries, humanitarian projects, and active participation in addressing global climate and geopolitical issues position Azerbaijan as a key player in modern international relations. The pursuit of peace, sustainable development, and strengthening ties between countries and peoples remain key priorities of Azerbaijan’s foreign policy.
